Sudan Weather by Month

Sudan, the third-largest country in Africa, is located in northeastern Africa and shares borders with Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. Covering approximately 1.88 million square kilometers, Sudan’s landscape is diverse, ranging from arid deserts in the north to savannas and wetlands in the south. The Nile River, which runs through the country, is a crucial geographical feature that supports agriculture and life in an otherwise arid environment.

Sudan has a tropical and desert climate, with the northern regions dominated by the vast Sahara Desert and the southern parts experiencing a more tropical climate. The country has a rainy season that varies in intensity and duration depending on the region, typically starting around May and ending in October. The geography and seasonal weather variations heavily influence life, agriculture, and activities throughout Sudan.


Sudan Weather by Month

January

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 15-30°C (59-86°F) in northern regions, 20-35°C (68-95°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Very dry, little to no rain throughout the country

January is one of the coolest months in Sudan, though temperatures remain warm to hot, especially in the south. The northern desert regions experience milder weather compared to the scorching summer months, with cooler nights. The south is warmer but still relatively comfortable, and there is virtually no rainfall across the country.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan (Khartoum, Dongola): Warm during the day, cooler at night, temperatures ranging from 15-30°C (59-86°F)
  • Southern Sudan (Juba, Malakal): Hotter, with daytime temperatures between 20-35°C (68-95°F)
  • Eastern Sudan (Port Sudan): Warm, with temperatures around 18-30°C (64-86°F)

January is an excellent time to visit Sudan, especially for those interested in exploring the northern desert regions and the archaeological sites without the extreme heat.


February

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 17-32°C (63-90°F) in northern regions, 22-37°C (72-99°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Dry, with no significant rainfall throughout the country

February continues to be part of Sudan’s dry season, with warm temperatures across the country. Northern regions remain cooler compared to the upcoming hotter months, while the southern areas start to warm up. There is still no rain, making it a great time to travel across the country without worrying about wet conditions.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Warm and dry, with temperatures between 17-32°C (63-90°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 22-37°C (72-99°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Warm and dry, with temperatures around 19-32°C (66-90°F)

February is another good month for travel in Sudan, particularly for those interested in exploring the desert and the historical sites in the north.


March

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 20-36°C (68-97°F) in northern regions, 25-40°C (77-104°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Dry, though temperatures start rising in preparation for the hotter months

March marks the transition toward the hot season in Sudan. While the northern regions remain relatively cool, the southern parts of the country begin to experience rising temperatures. Rainfall is still absent, and the weather is dry and sunny across Sudan. Coastal areas along the Red Sea also start to experience warmer conditions.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Warm to hot, with temperatures ranging from 20-36°C (68-97°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Very hot, with temperatures between 25-40°C (77-104°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Warming up, with temperatures between 21-35°C (70-95°F)

March is a transitional month, with temperatures rising rapidly, particularly in the south. It’s a good time to visit the northern regions before the extreme heat sets in.


April

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 25-40°C (77-104°F) in northern regions, 28-43°C (82-109°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Little to no rain, temperatures increase significantly

April is the start of the hot season in Sudan, with temperatures soaring across the country, particularly in the southern and central regions. The northern desert regions also experience rising heat, though nighttime temperatures may still be cooler. Rainfall remains minimal, but humidity levels begin to increase slightly in the southern regions as the rainy season approaches.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Hot, with temperatures between 25-40°C (77-104°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Very hot, with temperatures ranging from 28-43°C (82-109°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Hot, with temperatures between 24-38°C (75-100°F)

April is a challenging month for travel due to the intense heat, especially in the south, though the northern regions may still offer more manageable conditions.


May

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 28-43°C (82-109°F) in northern regions, 30-45°C (86-113°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Start of the rainy season in the south, with increasing humidity

May is one of the hottest months in Sudan, with temperatures reaching their peak in many regions. The northern desert areas experience scorching heat, while the southern parts of the country begin to receive occasional rain as the rainy season starts. Humidity levels rise in the south, but the rain is not yet consistent.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Extremely hot, with temperatures ranging from 28-43°C (82-109°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Very hot, with occasional rain and temperatures between 30-45°C (86-113°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Hot, with temperatures between 26-40°C (79-104°F)

May is a difficult month for travel, particularly in the south and central regions, due to the intense heat and the beginning of the rainy season.


June

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 30-45°C (86-113°F) in northern regions, 28-42°C (82-108°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Rainy season in the south, dry in the north

June marks the full onset of the rainy season in southern Sudan, with regular showers and rising humidity levels. In contrast, the northern desert regions remain extremely hot and dry. Rainfall helps to moderate temperatures slightly in the southern parts of the country, but the north continues to experience searing heat.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Very hot and dry, with temperatures between 30-45°C (86-113°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Hot and rainy, with temperatures ranging from 28-42°C (82-108°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Hot, with temperatures between 27-42°C (81-108°F), some rain along the coast

June is a good time to visit the southern regions if you can manage the heat and humidity, as the rains bring life to the landscape, making it greener and more vibrant.


July

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 30-43°C (86-109°F) in northern regions, 25-40°C (77-104°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Peak of the rainy season in the south, increasing rain in central regions

July is the peak of the rainy season in southern and central Sudan, with frequent and heavy rain showers. The rains provide relief from the extreme heat, especially in the south, though temperatures remain high. The northern desert regions, however, continue to be dry and very hot. Rain begins to move northward, affecting more central areas.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Hot and dry, with temperatures between 30-43°C (86-109°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Warm and rainy, with temperatures ranging from 25-40°C (77-104°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Rain increases along the coast, with temperatures between 28-40°C (82-104°F)

July is a difficult month for travel in most of Sudan due to the heavy rains in the south and central regions, though the northern areas remain dry and accessible for desert exploration.


August

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 30-42°C (86-108°F) in northern regions, 25-38°C (77-100°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Heavy rain continues in the south and central regions

August is another wet month in Sudan, with heavy rains continuing in the south and central parts of the country. The northern regions remain dry, but temperatures stay high. The rains provide much-needed water for agriculture, but they also cause flooding in some areas, making travel difficult in southern and central Sudan.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Hot and dry, with temperatures between 30-42°C (86-108°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Warm and rainy, with temperatures ranging from 25-38°C (77-100°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Warm with rain, temperatures between 27-38°C (81-100°F)

August is not an ideal month for travel due to the heavy rains in the south, though northern Sudan remains accessible for desert activities.


September

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 28-40°C (82-104°F) in northern regions, 23-35°C (73-95°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Rain begins to taper off in the south, with occasional showers in central regions

September marks the beginning of the end of the rainy season in southern Sudan, though showers still occur regularly. The northern regions remain hot and dry, with little to no rain. Temperatures start to moderate slightly as the rains provide some cooling relief in the southern regions.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Hot and dry, with temperatures between 28-40°C (82-104°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Warm with rain tapering off, temperatures ranging from 23-35°C (73-95°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Warm with decreasing rain, temperatures between 25-38°C (77-100°F)

September is a transitional month, and while the rains begin to diminish, travel in southern and central regions may still be hampered by wet conditions.


October

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 25-38°C (77-100°F) in northern regions, 22-34°C (72-93°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Rainy season ends, dry conditions return

October marks the end of the rainy season in Sudan, with dry conditions returning across most of the country. Temperatures begin to cool slightly, especially in the southern and central regions, though the north remains hot and dry. The humidity levels drop, making the weather more comfortable.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Hot and dry, with temperatures between 25-38°C (77-100°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Warm and dry, with temperatures ranging from 22-34°C (72-93°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Warm and dry, with temperatures between 24-36°C (75-97°F)

October is an excellent month for travel, as the rains have ended, and temperatures are more manageable across the country.


November

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 20-35°C (68-95°F) in northern regions, 18-32°C (64-90°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Dry season, with no significant rainfall across the country

November brings cooler and drier weather to Sudan, particularly in the northern and central regions. The southern regions experience milder temperatures, and the humidity decreases as the dry season takes hold. Northern desert areas are still warm but more comfortable for travel.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Warm and dry, with temperatures between 20-35°C (68-95°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Mild and dry, with temperatures ranging from 18-32°C (64-90°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Warm and dry, with temperatures between 22-33°C (72-91°F)

November is an ideal month for exploring Sudan, as the weather is cooler and drier, making it comfortable for sightseeing and outdoor activities.


December

General Overview

  • Average temperature: 17-30°C (63-86°F) in northern regions, 15-28°C (59-82°F) in southern regions
  • Rainfall: Dry and cool, with no significant rainfall

December is one of the coolest months in Sudan, with pleasant temperatures across the country. The northern desert regions experience cooler nights, while the southern areas remain warm but mild. Rainfall is nonexistent, making December part of Sudan’s dry season.

Regional Differences

  • Northern Sudan: Cool and dry, with temperatures between 17-30°C (63-86°F)
  • Southern Sudan: Mild and dry, with temperatures ranging from 15-28°C (59-82°F)
  • Eastern Sudan: Warm and dry, with temperatures between 18-30°C (64-86°F)

December is an excellent time to visit Sudan, as the cooler weather makes travel more comfortable across the country, and the dry conditions are ideal for outdoor exploration.


Summary of Sudan’s Climate by Region

Northern Sudan (Khartoum, Dongola)

  • Best months: November to February (cooler and dry)
  • Hottest months: May to September (extremely hot and dry)

Southern Sudan (Juba, Malakal)

  • Best months: October to March (mild and dry)
  • Rainy season: May to September (frequent showers and warm temperatures)

Eastern Sudan (Port Sudan, Red Sea Coast)

  • Best months: November to March (mild and dry)
  • Hottest months: May to September (hot and humid, some rain along the coast)

Sudan’s climate is primarily hot and arid, with a distinct rainy season in the southern regions. The best time to visit the country is during the cooler, dry months between November and March, when temperatures are more manageable and there is little to no rainfall. The northern regions experience extreme heat during the summer, while the southern parts have a tropical climate with a rainy season in the middle of the year.

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